In a study of 754 patients with cardiogenic shock, nearly half (47.9%) had anemia on admission. Those with hemoglobin <11 g/dL faced a 1.64-fold higher 1-month mortality and 2.53-fold higher 1-year mortality compared to those with Hb >14 g/dL. 

Lower Hb levels were also linked to increased need for vasopressors and renal replacement therapy. The prognostic impact was strongest in men, younger patients (<67 years), and those with non-ischemic CS or without CKD. 

Anemia emerges as a key risk factor demanding focused management and transfusion research.

Source: BMC | [Read Full Story](https://jintensivecare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40560-025-00805-y)

Anemia Amplifies Mortality Risk in Cardiogenic Shock

In a global study of over 1.2 million nonanticoagulated patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation, women continued to face a modestly higher stroke risk than men, despite narrowing sex disparities. 

**Key Findings:**
- Between 2000 and 2019, one-year ischemic stroke risk increased from 1.75% to 4.24% in women and from 1.13% to 3.55% in men. 
- The female excess stroke risk declined (adjusted risk ratio dropped from 1.54 to 1.09) but remained statistically significant in 2015–2019. 
- In contrast, men had higher adjusted risks of myocardial infarction and death. 

These findings underscore the need for sex-specific prevention strategies, particularly for stroke in women.

Source: AHA|ASA Journals | [Read Full Story](https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.124.040325?af=R)

Women with Atrial Fibrillation Retain Modestly Higher Stroke Risk Than Men

Children and adolescents with hypertension face a markedly increased long-term risk of major adverse kidney events (MAKEs), including chronic kidney disease, kidney failure, or death, according to a retrospective cohort study of over 26,000 hypertensive youths (aged 3–18) and nearly 127,000 matched controls. 

Over a median follow-up of 14 years, the incidence of MAKEs was 5.52 vs 1.66 per 1000 person-years (7.7% vs 2.4%), corresponding to a more than threefold higher risk (HR 3.03) in those with hypertension. 

Despite low baseline comorbidities, the findings highlight the urgent need for better screening and long-term management of pediatric hypertension to mitigate its overlooked renal consequences.

Source: The Lancet | [Read Full Story](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(25)00127-0/abstract)

Pediatric Hypertension Associated with Threefold Increased Risk of Major Adverse Kidney Events

An analysis involving 3,009 patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) finds that an early invasive strategy offers no survival advantage over conservative treatment. 

While all-cause mortality remained comparable between groups (RR = 1.05), the invasive approach significantly reduced the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction by 22% (RR = 0.78) and repeated coronary revascularization by 57% (RR = 0.43). 

However, this came at the cost of a 60% increased risk of major bleeding (RR = 1.60). 

These findings highlight the need for individualized, shared decision-making in older adults, balancing the benefits of reduced ischemic events against bleeding risks.

Source: JAMA Network | [Read Full Story](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2835614)

Early Invasive Strategy in Older ACS Patients Cuts Recurrent MI, But Not Mortality

A study of over 16,000 women found that elevated blood pressure in early pregnancy significantly increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). 

**Key Findings:**
- Systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 120–139 mmHg was linked to a 27% higher GDM risk (OR = 1.27), while hypertension raised the risk by 32%. 
- Each 10 mmHg increase in SBP was associated with a 14% rise in GDM risk. 
- Higher diastolic BP and pulse pressure also showed incremental associations. 
- BP trajectory analysis up to 20 weeks revealed that women with medium-high stable or peak SBP patterns faced up to a 98% increased GDM risk compared to those with consistently low SBP. 

These findings support early BP monitoring as a potential tool for identifying at-risk pregnancies.

Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism | [Read Full Story](https://dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dom.16555?af=R)

Early Blood Pressure Clues May Predict Gestational Diabetes Risk

A nationwide study involving over 147,000 vitiligo patients and 590,000 controls found significantly increased risks of ocular and auditory conditions. 

In children and adolescents with vitiligo, odds were higher for dry eye, glaucoma, retinal diseases, and visual impairment. Adults faced elevated risks for non-anterior uveitis, cataracts, and additional retinal disorders. 

Hearing loss, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and vestibular neuronitis were also more common, especially with increasing age. While phototherapy was generally safe, it showed a slight association with glaucoma. 

The findings underscore vitiligo as a systemic disease requiring regular eye and ear screening.

Source: JAAD | [Read Full Story](https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(25)02377-1/abstract?rss=yes)

Vitiligo Tied to Hidden Risks for Eye and Ear Disorders, Large Study Finds

Routine prophylactic antibiotics did not significantly reduce surgical site infections (SSI) in infants undergoing pyloromyotomy, according to a large study of 6,093 infants.

No SSI benefit was observed in laparoscopic procedures (1.1% with vs. 1.1% without prophylaxis; aOR 0.96).

However, in open repairs, prophylaxis significantly reduced SSI rates (1.9% vs. 5.1% without prophylaxis; aOR 0.36). Hospital-wide antibiotic use did not correlate with SSI outcomes.

 These findings suggest a selective, rather than routine, antibiotic strategy may be more appropriate in all pyloromyotomy cases.

Source: LWW Journal | [Read Full Story](https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/abstract/9900/prophylactic_antibiotic_use_and_outcomes_in.1335.aspx)

Open vs. Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy: Prophylaxis Beneficial Only in Open Cases	

In a 16-week randomized controlled trial involving overweight or obese patients with MASLD, time-restricted eating (TRE) led to a 25.8% reduction in hepatic steatosis—significantly more than standard care (0.7%) and comparable to calorie restriction (CR, 24.7%).

Both TRE and CR groups exhibited improvements in body weight, waist circumference, and body fat mass. Liver stiffness, glucose homeostasis, and sleep quality remained unchanged between the TRE and CR groups. No serious adverse events were reported.

TRE emerged as a safe, practical dietary tool for MASLD management with metabolic benefits on par with traditional calorie restriction.

Source: Science Direct | [Read Full Story](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016882782502272X?dgcid=rss_sd_all)

Time-Restricted Eating Matches Calorie Restriction in Improving Metabolic Outcomes in MASLD	

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation detected was detected in 23.2% of patients with acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack via cerebrospinal fluid analysis. 

The incidence of VZV reactivation was more frequent among those with intracranial artery involvement compared to those without (28% vs. 3%). 

Notably, 17% of VZV-positive patients experienced recurrent ischemic stroke within one year. 

The stroke recurrence rates were comparable despite short‐term antiviral therapy (14.8% vs. 21%, P=0.593). 

However, HIV-positive patients with acute ischemic stroke had a markedly elevated risk of both VZV reactivation (57% vs. 20%) and recurrent stroke risk (42.8% vs. 5.0%) than HIV-negative individuals, regardless of antiviral treatment. The findings underscore the need for closer surveillance in this subgroup. 

Source: JAHA | [Read Full Story](https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.124.039489?af=R)

Stroke and Shingles: Intracranial Lesions and HIV Linked to Higher VZV Reactivation	

A new study of 19,720 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients found that dupilumab was linked to a 58% higher risk of psoriasis (HR 1.58), with a number needed to harm of 94. 

**Key Findings:**
- Over three years, psoriasis incidence was 2.86% with dupilumab vs 1.79% with other systemic agents. 
- The risk remained across AD subgroups and was validated in asthma patients without AD (HR 2.13). 

While the absolute risk remains low, these findings suggest that T helper 2 blockade by dupilumab may shift immune balance toward a T helper 17-dominant response, triggering psoriasis in susceptible individuals.

Source: JAMA Network | [Read Full Story](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/2835236)